Barbacan was designed around 1900 and briefly mentioned as a "modern game" in 1904 by Paul Hildebrandt in his book "Das Spielzeug des Kindes" [Toys of Kids] on page 198.
In Germany the game was still marketed in the 1920s by Robert Hartwig (to be assumed the game's inventor) in Sonneberg, Thuringia according to the book "Spielpeterle und Ratefritze" in 1926, which gave a positive review including numerous hints to the game's strategy.