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Detrending the Top 200 Games: Removing the Bandwagon Effect to Get Alternative Rankings
Zelvis 2012!
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Update: I would direct interested parties to http://www.boardgamegeek.com/thread/221606 for a more rigorous and appropriate analysis of the ranking data. The model includes filters for popularity of differing degrees depending on the desire of the user and incorporate probabilistic statements of strength into the ratings interpretation.

On a couple previous Geeklists that I posted concerned with the analysis of game ratings, some fellow geeks brought up the possibility that how many times a game has been rated influences its rank (with the majority of comments leaning towards the unfairly boosts the rank of games perspective).

This Geeklist looks at the relationship between the number of ratings and the rank of games in the following manner:

1. A linear model is fit to the data (perhaps not the most accurate, but I didn't want to capitalize too much on the nature of the data). Standard linear regression was used on the ranks of both the games and the ranking in terms of the number of ratings (see the graph below)

2. The original data are detrended (sometimes called residualized). This step wil remove the influence the number of ratings has on a game's ranking, allowing the comparison between games as if they had an equal number of ratings.

3. New rankings are computed based on the residuals.

I noted this in a response below, but I will repeat this here. The List is not meant to fix all the current rankings and offer a new and perfect system. The goal is to show what happens when the #ratings is controlled for and gain comments (hopefully insightful) from the BGG community to help understand what is driving some of these ratings. This 1st attempt is based on some prior comments I received on other Geek Lists.


Conclusions: There are some definite bandwagon effects where it appears that more ratings do indeed "boost" a games rating. The correlation between the number of ratings and a games rank is a moderate .3685--indicating that the number of ratings a game receives accounts for about 13% of the information (i.e., variance) in its ranking. Removing this variance results in a different ranking that only includes the information not due to the number of ratings. Furthermore, upon looking at the biggest losses and biggest gains, they fit nicely with many user intuitions that some games are overrated (biggest losers) while some games are underrated (biggest gains).

Asumptions: The number of ratings shouldn't influence the rankings. It could be argued that better games will be rated more; however, it is convenient to assume that all games will be rated an equal number of times if we could infinitely sample and then the number of ratings would not have an effect on the overall rankings.


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Posted Mon Oct 8, 2007 11:15 pm
Edited Wed Oct 10, 2007 8:43 pm
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NEW TOP 10
1. Hannibal
2. Paths of Glory
3. Combat Commander
4. Tide of Iron
5. Age of Empires
6. Shogun
7. Die Macher
8. Up Front
9. Roads and Boats
10. C&C: Ancients
Alan Kaiser
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Eight of these ten games are wargames (nine if you count politics as war! :)) Interesting.
m black
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The problem with this "new" top 10 is that 9 of the 10 games on that list are not good. The only one I'd consider playing is Shogun.
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tornspace wrote:
The problem with this "new" top 10 is that 9 of the 10 games on that list are not good. The only one I'd consider playing is Shogun.


Have you played these games?
M C
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Grognards have a different ratings mechanism than most of "us." If you go look at a geeklist that focuses on introductory wargames, they start trotting out these crusty rejects that have a 5.5 rating. I won't spend time on a game rated below 6.5 unless my kids bring it out or it's heroscape.
Dan Daly
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Wargames are very niche.
And their length prevents all but the most avid grognards from actually playing them to completion. I suspect this shows in the number of ratings. There is no doubt they are adequately rated in their realm, but the ratings are not truly representative of our diverse culture.


I was going to post a detailed response to how the long playing time comment is way out of line in regards to the 10 games listed...but somebody already did so very articulately. Most of these games aren't any longer than the "heavy" euros that sit on the current top 10.

Which Shogun is it on the list? The new Wallenstein derivative or the older MB Gamemaster series game (aka Samurai Swords)?
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WHERE ARE THE OLD TOP 10

6. Shogun
11. Twilight Struggle
19. Age of Steam
20. Battlelore
26. Power Grid
29. Puerto Rico
31. Princes of Florence
32. Tigris & Euphrates
34. Caylus
35. El Grande
Alan Kaiser
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Shogun is an interesting case. Shogun is currently at #10 but after your analysis it jumps to #6. Wallenstein however starts at #20 and after your correction it drops three spots to #23. Given that these are essentially the same game (Shogun just has a different map) and that they have approximately the same number of ratings (Shogun 1407, Wallenstein 1770) and that they are about the closest thing to a Euro/wargame hybrid (and therefore not as sensitive to wargame/eurogame bias) you might hypothesize that the effect of your analysis should be the same for both of these games. So what would happen if you normalized your data so that these two games didn't change relative to each other?
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10 BIGGEST GAINS
56. ASL Starter Kit #2 (+44)
68. A Victory Lost (+41)
14. Through the Ages (+41)
12. Blood Bowl: Living Rule Book (+40)
59. East Front (+39)
49. Bonaparte at Marengo (+39)
66. Here I Stand (+38)
28. ASL Starter Kit #1 (+37)
24. Europe Engulfed (+37)
100. Warmachine (+35)
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All of these are wargames!
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There are a lot of things I could call Blood Bowl (insanely fun, beloved child of my youth, sucker of time and devourer of cash) but "War Game" is definitely nowhere among them.
4. Board Game: Bohnanza [Average Rating:7.20 Overall Rank:139]
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10 BIGGEST LOSSES
162. Bohnanza (-41)
89. Carcassonne (-38)
120. Lost Cities (-38)
127. Citadels (-38)
180. Alhambra (-38)
138. Carcassonne: Hunters & Gatherers (-35)
163. Magic the Gathering (-34)
72. Ticket to Ride (-33)
92. Through the Desert (-33)
105. RoboRally (-33)
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None of these are wargames.

I'm sure there are many incorrect conclusions to be drawn from this. The most likely conclusion is related to the lower number of ratings that wargames have and therefore they are less likely to have any substantial "number of ratings bias". It seems all you've done in correcting for a perceived flaw is used statistical tools to create another flaw.

But if you are correct does this mean that the new top ten games are the "best" games on BGG at the expense of the next highest 10 or twenty games? Seems unlikely. No arguing that the "new" top ten are good games but their limited appeal seems to hold them back from being the "best" the Geek has to offer. After all, any game that claims by any measure to be "the best" should probably have fairly broad appeal. Paths of Glory (the new #2) is a good game and with 917 ratings certainly isn't a flash in the pan but that's more than 10x less ratings than Puerto Rico or Settlers.
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Interesting that the biggest gainers are among the heaviest games (wargames), and the biggest losers are among the lightest (hardly a brain burner in the bunch).

Even among game geeks, I suspect it's easier to 'enjoy' a lighter game, as it is, well, lighter. There's also a tendency for them to be more social, which doesn't hurt. And yes, there can be plenty of social interaction in wargames, if you're into them and familiar with them. But they require more attention and focus, which makes for a less casual and relaxed game (which is just fine by me, but perhaps not for many others).
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I definitely think this depends on how we want to define best. At the very least, this might be seen as a first step. But, I never advocate that data analysis and statistics should be conducted in a vaccuum. Interpretation and theory building is a necessary step. I agree that this outcome seems a little "weird" in that wargames are immediately promoted and large numbers of ratings likely indicates something about the "quality of a game".

The purpose of the Geeklist is putting out a 1st finding, not an end all and be all of how I think games should be rated. However, I don't think the current system is "pure" either. This is an attempt to understand the underlying processes that effect game ratings and use the community responses to help bolster the scientific processes. Your comments are greatly appreciated...

Best,
Doug
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steinley wrote:
I definitely think this depends on how we want to define best.


Agreed and this is I think is the heart of the whole ongoing ratings 'conversation' (for lack of a better term) that comes up now and again. The scale is a simple 1-10 scale but what those numbers mean to each person can be drastically different. Not everyone agrees with the BGG definitions for each of those numbers. Some have gone as far as to create whole new definitions. I myself find it almost impossible to pick even a top 10 list of my games let alone say that this or that game is the 'best'. 'Best' means different things to different people and in different situations. Therefore any analysis is flawed right from the start because the data are not based on the same scale.

steinley wrote:
At the very least, this might be seen as a first step.


Agreed. There always has to be that first step if you are ever going to get anywhere. :) If you are really interested in the statistics of ratings here on BGG then this article is pretty much the text book that all other efforts should be based:

http://www.boardgamegeek.com/thread/157700
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11-20
11. Twilight Struggle
12. Blood Bowl: Living Rule Book
13. Imperial
14. Through the Ages
15. Lord of the Rings: Confrontation (Deluxe)
16. YINSH
17. Crokinole
18. Hammer of the Scots
19. Age of Steam
20. Battlelore
6. Board Game: Advanced Squad Leader [Average Rating:7.93 Overall Rank:42]
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21-30
21. Advanced Squad Leader
22. Struggle of Empires
23. Wallenstein
24. Europe Engulfed
25. Railroad Tycoon
26. Power Grid
27. War of the Ring
28. Advanced Squad Leader Starter Kit #1
29. Puerto Rico
30. Tichu
7. Board Game: The Princes of Florence [Average Rating:7.86 Overall Rank:18]
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31-40
31. Princes of Florence
32. Tigris & Euphrates
33. Goa
34. Caylus
35. El Grande
36. Twilight Imperium 3rd Edition
37. Go
38. Dune
39. Taj Mahal
40. Notre Dame
8. Board Game: Ra [Average Rating:7.74 Overall Rank:27]
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41-50
41. Ra
42. Antiquity
43. Friedrich
44. Ticke to Ride: Marklin
45. DVONN
46. Samurai
47. Pillars of the Earth
48. Modern Art
49. Bonaparte at Marengo
50. Reef Encounter
9. Board Game: 1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons [Average Rating:7.67 Overall Rank:86]
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51-60
51. 1830: The Game of Railroads and Robber Barons
52. Memoir '44
53. Settlers of Catan
54. Republic of rome
55. Carcassonne: The City
56. Advanced Squad Leader Starter Kit #2
57. Amun-Re
58. Battle Line
59. East Front
60. Ticket to Ride: Europe
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Settlers still in the top 100? Shows we still need more study...
10. Board Game: A Game of Thrones [Average Rating:7.53 Overall Rank:75]
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61-70
61. Game of Thrones
62. Hollywood Blockbuster
63. Maharaja
64. San Juan
65. Yspahan
66. Here I Stand
67. Traders of Genoa
68. A Victory Lost
69. Princes of the Renaissance
70. Union Pacific
11. Board Game: Time's Up! [Average Rating:7.53 Overall Rank:99]
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71-80
71. Time's Up!
72. Ticket to Ride
73. Wilderness War
74. Space Hulk
75. Lord of the Rings: Confrontation
76. Ingenious
77. Mr. Jack
78. Acquire
79. La Citta
80. Antike
12. Board Game: Civilization [Average Rating:7.59 Overall Rank:60]
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81-90
81. Civilization
82. ZERTZ
83. Web of Power
84. Thebes
85. hive
86. Blood Bowl, 3rd Edition
87. Blue Moon City
88. Descent
89. Carcassonne
90. Louis XIV
13. Board Game: Tikal [Average Rating:7.43 Overall Rank:78]
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91-100
91. Tikal
92. Through the Desert
93. Indonesia
94. Caylus Magna Carta
95. Rommel in the Desert
96. Santiago
97. Breakout: Normandy
98. Bridge
99. Fury of Dracula
100. Warmachine
14. Board Game: Torres [Average Rating:7.32 Overall Rank:116]
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101-110
101. Torres
102. We the People
103. Leonardo da Vinci
104. Squad Leader
105. RoboRally
106. Keythedral
107. Arkham Horror
108. Battle Cry
109. Thurn and Taxis
110. Blokus
15. Board Game: Schotten-Totten [Average Rating:7.36 Overall Rank:154]
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111-120
111. Schotten Totten
112. Ys
113. Scepter of Zavandor
114. Medici
115. Domaine
116. Star Wars: Queen's Gambit
117. Netrunner
118. Vegas Showdown
119. For Sale
120. Lost Cities
16. Board Game: Vinci [Average Rating:7.32 Overall Rank:130]
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121-130
121. Vinci
122. Saint Petersburg
123. Lowenherz
124. Liberte
125. San Marco
126. China
127. Citadels
128. Carcassonne: The Castle
129. Pitch Car
130. Zendo
17. Board Game: 1856 [Average Rating:7.61 Overall Rank:181]
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131-140
131. 1856
132. Shadows over Camelot
133. Jambo
134. Last Night on Earth, The Zombie Game
135. GIPF
136. Britannia
137. Hacienda
138. Carcassonne: Hunters & Gatherers
139. Mu & Mehr
140. Meuterer
18. Board Game: Arkadia [Average Rating:7.14 Overall Rank:195]
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141-150
141. Arkadia
142. Primordial Soup
143. Mykerinos
144. Travel Blokus
145. Attika
146. Ark of the Covenant
147. Showmanager
148. Funkenschlag
149. Chinatown
150. Nexus Ops
19. Board Game: HeroScape Master Set: Rise of the Valkyrie [Average Rating:7.34 Overall Rank:135]
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151-160
151. HeroScape Master Set
152. Crusader Rex
153. Runebound 2nd Edition
154. In the Shadow of the Emperor
155. Taluva
156. Dreamblade
157. Werewolf
158. Colosseum
159. Dungeon Twister
160. Edel, Stein, and Reich
20. Board Game: Perikles [Average Rating:7.15 Overall Rank:242]
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161-170
161. Perikles
162. Bohnanza
163. Magic the Gathering
164. Warrior Knights
165. Vikings
166. Battlestations
167. Hey! That's My Fish!
168. Downfall of Pompeii
169. Hansa
170. Elasund
21. Board Game: Rumis [Average Rating:7.07 Overall Rank:232]
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171-180
171. Rumis
172. Stephenson's Rocket
173. Empries in Arms
174. Razzia
175. Blue Moon
176. Coloretto
177. Medina
178. Liar's Dice
179. Aladdin's Dragons
180. Alhambra
22. Board Game: Diplomacy [Average Rating:7.16 Overall Rank:179]
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181-190
181. Diplomacy
182. Ambush
183. Mah-Johngg
184. Java
185. Titan
186. Winner's Circle
187. Manila
188. History of the World
189. Kremlin
190. Atlantic Star
23. Board Game: Colossal Arena [Average Rating:7.00 Overall Rank:227]
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191-200
191. Colossal Arena
192. Formula De
193. No Thanks
194. Carolus Magnus
195. Mystery Rummy: Jack the Ripper
196. Lord of the Rings
197. Can't Stop
198. Cosmic Encounter
199. Settlers of Catan
200. Chess
41 comments [Hide]
Manuel Pombeiro
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Or putting it all in another words: let us assume we are a one timer gamer that as received by Christmas a game of Carcassone, we want to know more games like this and here we go to the Net and finds this site, BGG!! Great, so what are people saying the best games are? Let us see the ranking. Great, those 10 first games must be awesome, so let us try 2 or 3 of this games ourselves, and come back and rate them also. Then our interest fades away but our rating is still here 2, 3, 5 ... n years passed by. So what does this tells us of the ranking on BGG? Does it reflects the current best games? The all time best games? Or is a hype on and by itself?

I really would like to see the ranking without counting the ratings of ppl that rated once and disappeared, etc. I kow about the dummy median votes added to each game, but even so, it doesn't feel it is the right way to do so. Maybe you need to re-rate a game, maybe a rate may be put with a validity timestamp, eg. after 1 year your rate on game X is dropped, and you just need to re-rated it again. Would this result on a better ranking? Maybe. It sure would be better.

Thanks for all the hard work in doing this list.
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ptper wrote:
jgrundy wrote:
duchamp wrote:
My All-Time favourite is almost always # 300, and my favourite game of the last weeks is on # 1285.
So #300 is in the top 1% of BGG games, and #1285 is in the top 5% ... not a bad effort given all the pre-screening that goes on even before publication.


I think you might be off by a factor of 10 here Joe. We have 39xx games in the database (call it 4000). So #300 is top 7.5%, and 1285 is top 33%. Still not bad, as some people's favorite game is Bingo, which would put them in the top 99% :D

Different strokes for different folks, just because PR is #1 doesn't mean nobody rates it a 1 :)
There are over thirty thousand games in the database. Only four thousand are good/popular enough to have 30+ ratings to get a ranking. According to the BGG ratings scale, the top 300 games are ranked better than 29,700 other games.

More specifically...

A game with thirty ratings of "10" would currently enter the rankings at about #532. The top 530 games are by any assessment currently better ranked on BGG than any of the unranked games. That's not to say that like any ranked game, an unranked game might not see a surge of ratings support and change its ranking.

Personally I contend that most of the ranked games (even those 3000+ ones) are "better" than most unranked games... having enough appeal / utility to somebody that enough people have tried them that they have a rank. Yes of course there are circumstantial exceptions in both directions.
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Al Johnson wrote:
People say statistics lie - I don't believe that and I hate when people say that - statistics are just numbers.


You're right. The actual problem is just the opposite. Each statistic has a very precise meaning. What values you choose to show will greatly influence people's perceptions about the data. There is a human tendency to extract more information from statistics than is actually there.
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Perhaps another reason why games with more rankings rank higher may not be the band wagon effect, but just that the initial players liked it and ranked it well. Others see the high rankings on a fairly available game and they play it as well given awareness of the game and availability. Then they too rank according to their opinions. A really good game with lots of rankings will stay high because with more people ranking, each additional ranking has a smaller effect providing the overall rank a great deal of stability. Games with high, but few rankings (for example, lack of availability), are much more likely to suffer from one or two poor individual rankings. So it may not be a bandwagon effect, in which lots of people vote high just because everyone else does, but that due to limited availability, these other less-often ranked games suffer more from the one or two bad reviews that they get.

Ok, I'm babbling... no more talking math on the forums when I have a cold...
Larry Kruger
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AngusBull wrote:
...IMO the only thing that the disparity in the quantity of votes for a single title does is improve the Confidence Level for the rating of that game. If you look at the the Top 10, the sample sizes are so small and confidence intervals so large above game rank 5 that the 95% confidence levels overlap and you'd be just as right if you pulled the names from a hat to rank them. In this case, attempting data conversions and ANOVA, the P-Values are too large to infer any significance in the ratings without taking massive amounts of alpha risk. The above analysis is limiting sample size further by trying to equalize them. I for one stand firmly in the camp that says, the larger the sample size behind the rating, the better.

Also, looking at any of the games in question, the histograms show the data to be very non-normal and thus any analysis should treat the data as such. The fact that the game ratings are tied to the mean of a non-normal data set is of itself flawed. Even is that mean is adjusted.

I've run a number of multiple regression analysis on a random 100 game sample data set from the top 1000 games. I've yet to get any useful prediction model from the resulting analysis due to high multicollinearity (VIFs), poor R-square, or non-normal distribution of residuals. (In some instances, residuals that are way out compared to the sample population.) Not that that's stopped me from continuing to look for the factors responsible.


Well stated.

Drawing statistical conclusions from attribute data is risky at best. We may use numerical values to rate the games; however, these numbers do not represent anything more than opinions with a numerical label.
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